Best Screenwriting Competitions to Submit to in 2025
Aspiring screenwriters seeking to showcase their talents in 2025 have a plethora of prestigious competitions to consider. Participating in these contests can provide valuable exposure, industry recognition, and opportunities for career advancement. Below is a curated list of some […]
Famous Films Shot in Kansas: A Cinematic Tour of the Sunflower State
Kansas is more than just an agricultural heartland; it’s a prominent backdrop for iconic films, especially those capturing the thrill of betting and high-stakes drama. Kansas’ diverse landscapes, from vast prairies to lively urban areas, have attracted filmmakers looking […]
A Detailed Study Of The Cultural Impact Of War Movies
War movies have long captivated audiences by bringing the realities of conflict to life, offering both entertainment and, often, moral insight. These films have shifted over the decades, moving from heroic, nationalistic narratives to increasingly complex portrayals that confront […]
Filmmaking Lessons Learned from High-Stakes Movies
With all the drama, surprising turns, and strange characters, high-stakes movies are the ones that truly captivate you. These films are all about those suspenseful moments when everything is on the line, creating an absolutely fantastic experience that keeps […]
The Role of Censorship in the Film Industry
Censorship in films has impacted what audiences view for nearly a century. It includes rules from the government and studios changing movies to match what society thinks is okay. Censorship reflects the worries about society, politics, and ethics at […]
The Influence of Heist Films on Modern Cinema
For years, viewers have favoured Heist films because of their intricate narratives, likeable characters, and high suspense. From classic works like Ocean’s Eleven to more modern blockbusters like Inception, these movies have had a long influence on the cinema […]
The Evolution of High-Stakes Scenes in Independent Cinema: From Classic to Digital
Think back to those classic scenes filled with suspense—the smoky rooms, the quiet shuffle of cards, the tension you could cut with a knife. Now fast forward to today’s independent films, where smartphones and sleek digital interfaces create a […]
August-September 2024 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the AUGUST-SEPTEMBER Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: https://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/august-september-2024/ Therefore, Jordan Bonn wins the August-September […]
The World of Filmmaking Gear: Budget-Friendly vs. High-End Options
Filmmaking gear has come a long way, with equipment for every budget, from accessible starter kits to high-end professional setups. Understanding where to invest your budget can make a big difference in production quality and workflow efficiency. Let’s look […]
5 Actors Who Like to Spend Time in MOBAs
MOBAs (Multiplayer Online Battle Arenas) is a famous subgenre of strategy video games. This video game usually requires two teams of players to compete and destroy each other team’s base. They usually do this by controlling the characters available […]
The Rise of Online Film Festivals: A New Era for Indie Filmmakers
Online film festivals have ushered in a new era for indie filmmakers, offering unparalleled accessibility and global reach. You can now showcase your work to diverse audiences worldwide, eliminating geographical barriers and travel costs. Engage in live Q&A sessions, immersive […]
6 Must-Watch Movies for Autumn 2024
Autumn is officially upon us, and it’s the perfect time to cozy up and enjoy some of the most exciting new films hitting theaters. With a mix of psychological thrillers, musicals, horror flicks, and family favorites, this season’s lineup […]
How Do Video Games Shape Film Narratives?
It is an accepted fact that video games have transformed the face of film’s narrative content within the past two decades. As games continued to rise in popularity, the methodology of storytelling by games started to seep into films. […]
How Do Online Games Inspire Movie Creators?
The entertainment industry is very dynamic. It can be influenced by various unlikely sources, including online games. They have now become vital to modern movies. Video games now provide a rich source of ideas for movies. They have intriguing […]
Why Are Game Adaptations Popular in Cinema?
Film versions of games have become more commonly used in cinemas lately. These film versions do a marvelous job in the casting of characters and storytelling popularly loved, and sometimes they pop up as box office hits at cinemas. […]
Can Gaming and Filmmaking Enhance Each Other?
Games and movies have traditionally been treated as independent, increasingly the two worlds are being combined in both creative and technical manners. The digital age has rendered the differences between these two industries less distinct, ideas from one are […]
5 Reasons to Use a Free VPN to Watch Movies Online
Streaming movies is the way many people unwind, but there are a couple of problems in the way. Georestriction or security-compiled problems stand in the way of you watching your favorite shows. Free VPN solves these and so much […]
Interview with AUGUST 2024 Winner: Kieran Dee
As we enter the fall season, we’re excited to highlight ‘Hungry Like The Wolf‘, a gripping and raw exploration of excess and self-destruction in the music industry. Directed by Kieran Dee, this powerful short film has not only won […]
3 Comedies to Watch on a Sunday Night
If you’re a fan of both gambling and comedy, several films skillfully blend the excitement of casinos with laugh-out-loud moments and unexpected twists. From poker tournaments to wild nights in Las Vegas, these movies capture the humor, tension, and […]
“21” (2008): The True Story of Outsmarting Las Vegas
“21” is a 2008 American drama film that combines the thrill of high-stakes gambling with the intelligence and cunning of card counting. Directed by Robert Luketic and based on Ben Mezrich’s book Bringing Down the House, the film tells […]
The Educational Benefits of Watching Short Films in Class
Including short films for students into lessons brings a new idea to foster learning. These films let students tackle complex topics easily. The visual narrative and the construction of deep scenes make students think by enhancing critical thinking. Films […]
Top Canadian Films That Have Won Prestigious International Awards
Cross-border Canadian cinemas have always been a well-kept secret of the international film base, creating movies without boundaries for viewers. Having different ethnic representations and reflecting Canadian spirit, the filmmakers managed to enter such prestigious international film festivals and […]
How Movies Can Make Math Engaging in the Classroom
Adding and subtracting numbers can be hard or even scary for some students. Because mathematical ideas are vague, it can be hard to connect them to real-life events, which can make you bored. Despite this, teachers are finding new […]
How Movies Capture the Excitement of High-Stakes Thrills: A Look at Some of the Best Films
For decades, movie fans have been drawn to the allure of casino movies, as they realistically capture the thrill of gambling, high-stake drama at the casinos, and the constant lure of hitting the jackpot. These movies offer various aspects […]
Bluffs and Brilliance: Hollywood’s Best Films on Strategic Minds
Hollywood has a deep-rooted love for stories centered on strategic minds. These films captivate audiences on multiple levels—intellectually, emotionally, and even philosophically. They invite viewers to follow characters as they navigate complex challenges, making tough decisions under pressure. The […]
11 Short Film Ideas for Students Using Minimal Equipment
Creating a short film is one of the best ways to sharpen your storytelling skills while working with minimal equipment. For students, this is especially important since resources like cameras, props, and editing tools may be limited. Whether you’re […]
The World of Underground Experts: Documentaries That Showcase Hidden Talents
Documentaries are a popular form of entertainment viewing. They can provide an insight into world events and the lives of individuals to the masses. They can tell stories and highlight things that may have happened that were either unbelievable […]
How Do Game Mechanics Enhance Film Storytelling?
Filmy storytelling evolves. There were ways of storytelling in the new film that differed from the traditional method of storytelling. Game mechanics became more central in augmenting storytelling. This mixture of game mechanics and cinematic techniques made interactivity richer […]
Documentaries: What Makes A Good One?
I’ve been on a kick lately with National Geographic’s Mega Episodes on YouTube, and I’m amazed at the quality. They’re fully-fledged free documentaries, and I can’t recommend them enough–particularly the ‘Arctic Ascent with Alex Honnold’ (2024). It’s also got […]
Interview with JULY 2024 Winner: Hayley Louise McGuire
As we transition into the days of autumn, we’re excited to spotlight the haunting and evocative short film ‘Baobhan Sith‘, our FILM OF THE MONTH winner for July 2024. This ten-minute piece, set in the grimy yet atmospheric streets […]
1970s American Indie Cinema: An Introduction
Indie cinema, a pioneering force in the art form, is often the starting point, pride, and passion of many filmmakers, actors, and writers. The 1970s, a golden era, marked the birth of numerous Hollywood icons, showcasing the innovative and […]
How Digital Technology is Changing the Future of Filmmaking
The film industry is constantly evolving, and digital technology has become a driving force in shaping the future of filmmaking. From the way films are shot to the tools used for post-production, technology is revolutionizing the art and craft […]
Exploring Gaming’s Role in Today’s Filmmaking
In recent years, both the worlds of gaming and filmmaking have related quite well. Both similar industries involve an element of storytelling, creativity, and audience engagement. From its rapid development, modern filmmaking within the game world has delivered an […]
Understanding John Cassavetes: Where to Begin
Being a self-declared cinephile has led me across countless filmmakers, writers, actors, and genres, with John Cassavetes being atop my watchlist for a while. Like many of you, I’m a massive fan of Criterion Collection’s Closet Picks, and the […]
June-July 2024 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the JUNE-JULY Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: https://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/june-july-2024/ Therefore, Susan Kelejian wins the June-July […]
Top 5 Iconic Gaming Scenes in Film History
Scenes set at casinos uniquely immerse spectators in the exhilarating ambiance of Las Vegas casinos. Every gamble is met with a spike of suspenseful anticipation. The realism of casino films is what keeps people watching them over and over. […]
Exploring the Art of Cinematography: Techniques and Styles in Modern Filmmaking
Cinematography is a cornerstone of modern filmmaking, blending artistry with technical skill to craft visually compelling stories. This article delves into the art of cinematography, examining key techniques and styles that define contemporary film. Understanding Cinematography What is Cinematography? […]
Academized Expert’s Screenwriting Tips for Students
Writing a screenplay has always been thrilling, and sometimes nerve-racking, as you project your stories onto the big screen and make people experience them. Screenwriting is one of the most popular types of writing, whether you want to make […]
Mastering Lighting Techniques – A Budding Cinematographer’s Guide
Lighting is a challenging aspect of filmmaking that most novices aren’t aware of before beginning. While there’s plenty to learn about the subject, a few key points can enhance a person’s film to a higher level. This is generally […]
From Poker to the Big Screen: Daniel Negreanu’s New Movie
Daniel Negreanu, synonymous with poker brilliance, is stepping into a new arena – the silver screen. Known for his uncanny ability to read opponents and his charismatic presence at the poker table, Negreanu is now exploring the world of […]
Maximizing Your Movie Experience in 2024
In 2024, the movie-watching experience has evolved dramatically with advancements in technology, changes in consumer preferences, and the emergence of new trends. Whether you’re enjoying a film at home or at the theater, several innovative ideas can enhance your […]
CBD and the Film Industry: Uncovering the Correlation
The film industry is no stranger to innovation, both in terms of technology and lifestyle. Recently, one of the more intriguing developments has been the intersection between cannabidiol (CBD) and filmmaking. While CBD—an increasingly popular compound derived from cannabis—is […]
Picking a Movie at Night – Preventing Endless Scrolling
We’ve all experienced the familiar struggle of finding the perfect movie to watch at night, only to realize it’s too late to start. It’s a common trap, even for the most dedicated movie enthusiasts. But remember, you’re not alone […]
Are Online Games More Successful Than Movies?
One of the raging debates is whether online games are more successful than movies. Both have grown tremendously with huge audiences across the world. However, when talking of success measured on any one count, which one truly stands out? […]
Do Games Or Movies Make More Money?
Where entertainment is concerned, video games and movies are powerhouses in their rights. In terms of money, however, the relationship between these two industries has changed radically over the last few years. This article looks into the financial performance […]
Which Is Better: Watching Movies or Playing Games?
With the arrival of the digital age, discussion about watching movies versus playing games only became relevant. In a way, one offered experience, while another offered a different experience. Which one is better? Well, let’s look at the pros […]
The Influence of ‘Game of Thrones’ on Modern Fantasy Cinema
‘Game of Thrones’ is one of the biggest franchises to have ever existed. It was a huge TV hit and one that continues to attract millions of viewers despite having concluded. There have been spin-offs of the series as […]
How Do Popular Movies Inspire Online Games?
Popular movies make waves in the entertainment arena that go as far as online money games. The games borrow loads of features from blockbuster movies to offer relevant and familiar cinematography to their players. Connecting movies with online gaming […]
True Detective Season 4 (Review)
I am of the opinion that the first season of True Detective is one of the best season of any series ever made. It had iconic characters, a very strong underlying philosophy, a crime mystery that intertwined with supernatural […]
6 Differences Between House of the Dragon and Game of Thrones
With the second season of House of the Dragon soon starting on HBO, I just wanted to draw some comparisons between the first season, and the already classic Game of Thrones. Of course, the two are based off works […]
The Main Characteristics of Mexican Cinema
To continue the series of worldwide cinema characteristics, this time I have chosen Mexican cinema – a vibrant tapestry woven with the threads of culture, history, and passion. If you’ve ever found yourself captivated by the sights and sounds […]
7 Football Series to Watch Before EURO 2024
Very soon, there will be quite a bit of football to watch, with EURO 2024 about to start.. And while nothing quite beats the thrill of watching a live match, unless you’re one of the lucky ones to travel […]
Deadbeat at Dawn (1988) (Review)
What better time to immerse yourself in the distinctive realm of 1988’s exploitation films than now? These movies, adept at seizing on contemporary trends, niche genres, or sensational content, often find their place in the realm of low-budget B […]
Interview with APRIL 2024 Winner: Charlie Painter
Springtime often brings a sense of renewal and excitement, making it an ideal season for compelling war dramas. For our April spotlight, we’re thrilled to highlight ‘Operation Dynamo‘, our FILM OF THE MONTH winner, a film that’s been making […]
Best Modern Movies With High-Stakes Action
Enter the enthralling realm of gambling depicted in contemporary cinema with a selection of compelling films, all featured on Netflix. These narratives, steeped in risk and drama, delve deep into the lives of individuals ensnared by the lure of […]
5 Must-Watch Short Films
Sometimes, you don’t have the time to watch a full-fledged film, making it the perfect opportunity to watch a short. If you don’t know, a short film is characterized by its brief duration. According to the Academy of Motion […]
Iconic Stoner Moments in Cinema History
The stoner genre in cinema holds a unique place in film history, capturing the highs and lows of cannabis culture through a blend of humor, satire, and sometimes poignant storytelling. This genre has not only entertained audiences but has […]
The Rise of Documentary Filmmaking: Impact and Authenticity
Documentaries have been a staple of American cinema since the first—Nanook of the North—debuted in the 1920s. There’s plenty to love about documentaries, particularly their ability to impact society, ranging from changing the mold on a topic to enlightening […]
Interview with MARCH 2024 Winner: Guy Nicholls
When is it the best time of the year for a good murder mystery? I don’t know the answer to that question; for me personally – anytime! Having said that, March has been an excellent month for that, as […]
The Future of Filmmaking: Technologies and Trends
The future is upon us, so there’s plenty to enjoy as filmmakers that’ll help us grow as creators. Though people seem frightened of the future, particularly with the use of AI, I figure it’s best to discuss the topic […]
February-March 2024 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the FEBRUARY-MARCH Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: https://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/february-march-2024/ Therefore, Ed Christmas wins the February-March […]
6 Films Centred Around Flowers
It’s springtime, flowers have already been around for a couple of weeks – or more, depending on where you live – and it’s almost tulip season here in Europe. So I thought this might be a good starting point […]
Interactive Cinema: How Video Games Adopt Cinematic Principles
In the dynamic world of entertainment, the lines between video games and films are increasingly blurring, creating a fascinating hybrid known as interactive cinema. This emerging genre leverages the filmic principles that have long captivated moviegoers, integrating them into […]
7 Groundbreaking Sci-fi Films from the Last 7 Decades
From the depths of outer space to the uncharted territories of the human mind, science fiction cinema has captivated audiences with its visionary storytelling and mind-bending concepts for many decades. In this article, I decided to take a thrilling […]
The Main Characteristics of Greek Cinema
Greek cinema, like the warm Mediterranean breeze, carries with it a distinct flavour that tantalises the senses and evokes a rich tapestry of emotions. From the sun-drenched landscapes to the ancient myths that echo through its narratives, Greek cinema […]
Exploring Post-Production Tools in Filmmaking
Every great film is made possible by a variety of production tools carefully chosen to bring ideas to life. These tools play a role in turning concepts into visual stories; planning before shooting begins or editing after filming is […]
Essential Movies for Gambling Enthusiasts
The world of cinema has long been captivated by the allure of gambling, from the glitzy casinos and the high-stakes poker tables to the thrill of the bet, including the vibrant excitement of slot games like Hot Fruits 20 Demo, […]
Top 8 Iconic Movie Soundtracks
How often have you found yourself enthralled by a fantastic movie, with its soundtrack elevating the experience? Conversely, have you ever encountered a mediocre film where the standout feature was undeniably its soundtrack? Either way, soundtracks are essential to […]
How InkTip Facilitated Over 400 Film Productions
Over 400 movies have been made from scripts and writers found on InkTip. InkTip is a screenplay listing service that qualified filmmakers use to find scripts and writers at no cost to the filmmaker. Screenwriters can add short scripts […]
7 Romantic Films for Non-Fans of the Genre
Valentine’s Day came and went, without any list of romances to watch from TMFF. While romantic films are certainly not my cup of tea, I’ve watched a few ones over the years, and a select few I even enjoyed. […]
Top 8 Underrated Horror Movies
Absolutely nothing beats the experience of enjoying horror films during the fall season, especially around Halloween. Although it’s wonderful to indulge in any horror flick, there’s a unique charm in discovering those hidden gems that often fly under the […]
Horse Racing Movies and Their True Story Roots
When it comes to horse racing movies, Hollywood has a knack for galloping right past reality into the realm of dramatic embellishment. Yet, every so often, a movie trots along that’s not just a figment of some screenwriter’s imagination […]
8 Best and Worst Stephen King Adaptations
Stephen King, the maestro of horror and prolific author, has seen many of his works brought to life on the big and small screens. While some adaptations have become iconic classics, others have left fans scratching their heads. Let’s […]
December-January 2024 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the DECEMBER-JANUARY Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: https://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/december-january-2024/ Therefore, Craig Moore wins the December-January […]
The Main Characteristics of Russian Cinema
In the last two years, Russia has been in news headlines for all the wrong reasons: a terrible war, coupled with increasing scrutiny over its citizens. These days, Russian filmmakers might lack the freedom of expression they deserve – […]
8 of the Best Wild West Films
The Western genre is as vast as the pairies of the American West, despite the fact that ultimately, they all tend to boil down to a few elements, among which we usually find horses, guns and poker. It’s quite […]
Fargo Season 5 (Review)
I wait for very, very few things in the film and series category with more excitement and enthusiasm than for a new season of Fargo. Why is that? Well, because over the years, Fargo has spoiled me with some […]
The Main Characteristics of French Cinema
I’ve already made the habit of exploring a country’s or wider region’s cinematic characteristics once per month. And, it so happened that over the holiday period, I watched not just one, but two French films – and thus decided […]
Hollywood Meets Gaming: The Growing Trend of Film-Based Video Games
The gaming world is witnessing a burgeoning trend of film-based video games, a fusion where cinematic narratives meet interactive play. This trend has roots in early adaptations, where simple translations of films into games set the stage for a […]
Film Impact on Digital Design: Big Screen to Gaming Scenes
In an era when digital screens dominate, the intersection of film and digital entertainment design has become increasingly prominent. This fascinating synergy raises a question: how do films influence the creative universe of digital entertainment? With the rise of […]
Escape to the Chateau: 8 Easy Ways to Watch it Online
Would you like to see a married couple, Dick Strawbridge and Angel Adoree, who fulfilled their fantasy life by purchasing an abandoned chateau in France? Five years ago, they obtained the keys to the property and dedicated themselves to […]
The Brilliance of Alexander Payne’s Filmmaking
I really liked Alexander Payne, who pleasantly surprised me back in the early 2010s with “The Descendants“, and really impressed me with the outstanding “Nebraska” a few years later. However, “Downsizing” wasn’t exactly my cup of tea, and ever […]
Cinematic Colors: Enhancing Films with Vibrant Coloring
The art of cinema is a symphony of storytelling elements, with color playing a vital role in this visual medium. Color in films is more than just a visual aesthetic; it’s a powerful tool that filmmakers use to convey themes, […]
Cellar Tales: Wine on the Big Screen
Wine has long held a significant place in the world of cinema, serving as more than just a beverage. Its role in films extends across various genres, where it often carries symbolic meanings and contributes to the narrative and thematic […]
Navigating the Universe of Athletic Movies
Athletic movies capture the essence of sports, transcending beyond the physical feats to explore themes of determination, triumph, and the human spirit. They offer a unique appeal, bringing the excitement and drama of sports to the silver screen. Among […]
Cinematic Exploration: Discovering Your Ideal Film
In the ever-evolving world of cinema, the art of selecting the perfect movie has become an intriguing journey, often influenced by our current mood. Gone are the days when our choices were limited to the local cinema listings or the […]
7 Best Picture Contenders (2024)
With the award season soon coming along, I think the time is right to take a look at some of the favourites for the biggest awards – the Best Picture and its equivalents. Sure, there will be some differences […]
Leave the World Behind (2023) (Review)
I don’t often pay much attention to the Top 10 Films on Netflix on any given day. Most of the time, they are far from being my cup of tea – either superhero flicks, comedies I find unfunny or […]
6 Films Set During Blizzards
Winter is a magical season, with its snow-covered landscapes and chilly air, but when a blizzard hits, it can transform the serene beauty into a relentless force of nature. With winter coming in full force in Europe these days, […]
October-November 2023 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the OCTOBER-NOVEMBER Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: http://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/october-november-2023/ Therefore, Joseph J Davis wins the […]
The Main Characteristics of British Cinema
Continuing this series, I picked the rather impossible topic of dissecting one of the world’s most popular geographic areas of filmmaking: Britain. British cinema, with its rich history and diverse storytelling, has made an indelible mark on the global […]
The Fine Line of 3+ Hour Films
Movies are definitely art. We get invested, immersed, and lost in the cinematic world, eagerly awaiting what comes next. However, there’s a growing trend in the film industry that might be pushing our love for storytelling to its limits: […]
The Magnificence of Studio Ghibli
Very few animated films have resonated with me as profoundly as those created by Studio Ghibli. If you don’t know, Studio Ghibli is a prominent Japanese animation studio wielding significant influence within the animation industry. Besides full-length films, the […]
When Evil Lurks (2023) (Review)
Offering a unique and depraved spin on the possessed story structure, ‘When Evil Lurks‘ doesn’t hold back on any punches, guaranteeing a cult following for years to come. The fall weather’s biggest strength is the influx of horror movies […]
5 Gambling Films Now on Netflix
The allure of casinos captivates many. Beyond just playing games, the casino setting has become a fertile ground for cinematic stories. If you’re looking for a night of casino-themed film entertainment, Netflix has you covered with these selections. While […]
3 Good and 3 Bad Characteristics of CGI in Films
Films have the power to transport us to far-off worlds, let us witness jaw-dropping spectacles, and even bring fantastical creatures to life. And at the heart of this movie-making magic lies CGI, or Computer-Generated Imagery. You’ve probably heard the […]
The Best Video-Game-Inspired Movies
Video game stories are notoriously difficult to translate onto the big screen. There have been some remarkable TV adaptations in recent years, such as ‘Castlevania’, ‘The Last of Us’, ‘The Witcher’, ‘Cyberpunk: Edgerunners’, and most famously – the record-busting […]
The Main Characteristics of Eastern European Cinema
I’ve already explored Scandinavian cinema and Irish cinema in previous posts, and I thought I might as well turn this into a series. So, if you’re looking for something different, something that delves into the raw, the real, and […]
7 Films with an Autumny Vibe
Autumn, with its vibrant leaves and cool breezes, is a season that naturally evokes feelings of nostalgia, warmth, and change. While Halloween often takes center stage during this time of year, there’s a lot more to appreciate in fall […]
August-September 2023 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the AUGUST-SEPTEMBER Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: http://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/august-september-2023/ Therefore, Richard Jordan wins the August-September […]
The Nun II (2023) (Review)
I feel like I should review a horror film that I’ve seen at the cinema in the month of October. Disappointingly, though, the offer was extremely limited. I had not heard very good things about the latest Exorcist movie, […]
Essential Movies to Watch this Halloween
There’s nothing better than watching horror movies in the fall around Halloween time. If you’re into the notion of a bucket list, plenty of iconic horror movies exist for you to cross off. In this case, we’ll discuss a […]
An Analysis of The Green Ray (1986)
I’ve been meaning to check out films from Éric Rohmer for a while now and finally had the privilege to sit down and view his most popular film—at least on Letterboxd—’The Green Ray‘. It mesmerized me in many ways, […]
The Main Characteristics of Irish Cinema
When you think of Irish culture, leprechauns, shamrocks, and Guinness might come to mind. But there’s so much more to Ireland than these iconic symbols. Irish cinema, in particular, has a unique charm and identity that’s worth exploring. From […]
Sin City on Screen: A Cinematic Journey Through Las Vegas
Las Vegas, with its neon lights, high-stakes action, and larger-than-life characters, has been the backdrop for countless films. The desert city, known as the entertainment capital of the world, is not just a place where fortunes change in the […]
7 Great Films About AI
AI (Artificial Intelligence) has been a hot topic in both the tech world and pop culture for quite some time now. From robots with human-like emotions to supercomputers that can predict the future, AI has captured our imaginations and […]
5 Mediocre Films that Won Best Picture
Let’s face it, not every film that takes home the coveted Best Picture Oscar deserves the honor. While the Academy Awards have certainly recognized some cinematic masterpieces over the years, there have been a few head-scratchers in the mix. […]
Interview with JULY 2023 winners: Rory Wilson, Laura Masters and Matt Rolls
We loved our selection of July films – usually, the summer months are a little bit on the quiet side, however this time the competition was fierce. Among others, we had a very amusing attempt to spice up podcast […]
The Rise and Fall of Found Footage Films
Picture this: You’re holding a shaky camera in your sweaty palms, your heart racing as you navigate the dark, unknown territory. The screen flickers with each step, capturing your fear and anticipation. This is the world of found footage […]
6 Main Characteristics of Scandinavian Cinema
When it comes to cinematic storytelling, the Scandinavian film industry has carved its own niche with distinct characteristics that set it apart from the Hollywood glitz and Bollywood drama. And I have, especially recently, really felt the need to […]
Casino Aesthetics in Cinema: How Film Directors Use Them to Set the Mood
When it comes to cinema, visual storytelling is paramount. Directors craft their narratives not only through dialogue and plot twists but also by meticulously curating the visual elements that contribute to the overall atmosphere of their films. These alluring […]
Ranking Wes Anderson’s Films
With his trademark aesthetic, unique characters, and captivating storytelling, Wes Anderson has created a cinematic universe that’s impossible to ignore. From deep character studies of the people that populate the worlds he constructs, to fanpages that search for Wes […]
June-July 2023 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the JUNE-JULY Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: https://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/june-july-2023/ Therefore, David Canetti wins the June-July […]
Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023) (Review)
Ironically, I’ve been looking forward to the new – and final – Indiana Jones for many years now, but once it hit the cinemas I didn’t rush in to watch it. It was a combination of being busy, travelling […]
Robert Altman – The Most Underrated Director?
Every film fanatic has a slew of favorite directors, one of my favorites being Robert Altman. Altman received five Academy Award Best Director nominations and stands as a lasting icon of the New Hollywood era. His cinematic approach spanned […]
3 Bright Spots in Uwe Boll’s Career
Uwe Boll, a name that often sparks strong reactions among movie enthusiasts. Some hail him as an innovative director with a unique vision, while others dismiss his work as nothing more than subpar filmmaking. Known for his prolific output […]
9 Great French Films of the Last 15 Years
French cinema has a rich and diverse history, renowned for its artistry, emotional depth, and storytelling prowess. And while many examples of French classics can be found throughout history, I wanted to specifically focus on the last decade or […]
The 5 Coolest Films With The Best Colour Palettes
Colour psychology once brushed off as a mere marketing tactic, has proven to wield a profound influence on human emotions and reactions. Its impact reaches far beyond the boardrooms of advertising, extending its captivating allure into the realm of […]
3D Films: The Pros and the Cons
I vividly remember talking about ‘Avatar‘ with some random people back in 2010, while waiting to go into an exam. They were praising it to no end, and argued that from then on, nobody would watch 2D films anymore. […]
John Wick: Chapter 4 (2023) (Review)
John Wick: Chapter 4 dials up the action, scope, and length for one of the best action films in recent memory, setting the precedent for what makes a great franchise. Initially meant for a 2021 release, action fans and […]
8 Films and Series About Pirates
Pirates have always captivated our imaginations with their swashbuckling adventures, hidden treasures, and rebellious spirit on the high seas. From the Golden Age of piracy to the present day, these maritime outlaws continue to fascinate us. If you’re looking […]
What Kind of Films Work Best for Summer?
Ah, summer! The season of warmth, sunshine, and endless possibilities. As the temperatures rise and the days grow longer, there’s no better time to relax, unwind, and enjoy some quality movie time. Unless of course, it’s really too hot, […]
April-May 2023 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the APRIL-MAY Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: https://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/april-may-2023/ Therefore, Lindsay Heiman wins the April-May […]
Interview with APRIL 2023 winner: Zhaoshuai Wu
I know I say this pretty much every month, but it was very difficult to choose a winner for April’s film of the month. We had a story about an old man faced with a terrible loss, a haunting […]
5 Types of Horror Films
Horror films have long been a captivating genre that evokes a range of emotions, from suspense and fear to excitement and adrenaline. Whether you enjoy the thrill of a jump scare or the psychological intensity of a suspenseful storyline, […]
Interview with MAY 2023 winner: Matt Sedgley
May was a great month, and we were spoiled for choice in terms of quality films. We had a fantastic look into videogame consumption and how the boundaries with reality can sometimes get a bit blurred, and we also […]
Why is David Attenborough so Loved?
When it comes to nature documentaries, one name stands out above all others: David Attenborough. With his soothing voice, vast knowledge, and genuine passion for the natural world, Attenborough has become an icon in the field of wildlife filmmaking. […]
7 Movies to Look Out For This Summer
Nothing’s better than a warm summer day outside and hitting the movie theatre later in the day. As the summer gets closer, it’s worth knowing what’s coming out as warm weather approaches, especially if you consider yourself a movie […]
Cinematic Worlds Explored: Stanley Kubrick & Wes Anderson
Stanley Kubrick and Wes Anderson are two iconic filmmakers who have left an indelible mark on the world of cinema. Their distinct visual styles and meticulous attention to detail have earned them a dedicated following and critical acclaim. When […]
4 Reasons Why The Godfather Part III Flopped
The Godfather Part III is considered by many to be a major disappointment and a flop in the history of cinema. The film, which was released in 1990, was the third and final installment in the iconic Godfather trilogy […]
6 Reasons to Watch THE CROWN
The British Monarchy has been in the headlines quite a lot in the past couple of years – starting with the death Prince Philip in 2021, followed by that of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II back in September 2022, […]
Why AVATAR Was Such a Big Deal in 2009
I remember that back in 2010, if you would at any point have a conversation about films, it would most frequently start with the words ‘Have you watched Avatar?’. Such was its popularity at the time, that many people […]
Stop-Motion Animation: History & Evolution
A while ago, I was reading about the amount of effort it took in order to create Guillermo del Toro’s Pinocchio – 940 days. The end result not only won the ‘Best Animated Feature’ award at the 2023 Academy […]
6 Key American Films From The 1960s
Many argue over what the best decade of cinema is. Surely, most point to the 1960s as being a major stepping stone for Hollywood, primarily with the emergence of the New Hollywood era in the mid-1960s. There’s a lot […]
February-March 2023 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the FEBRUARY-MARCH Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: https://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/february-march-2023/ Therefore, Scott Gilman wins the February-March […]
The Return of Slashers – Why and How
Whether you love the horror genre or not, it’s pretty incredible how successful it has been throughout the 21st century, especially in the modern era when so many films fail nowadays. Besides the success at the box office, there […]
7 Movies to Watch if You Want to Make Movies
I don’t know what the exact figure is, but so many people in the world aspire to make movies one day, myself included. Besides heading out and making shorts yourself to learn the craft, watching many movies is a […]
The Future of Cinema Predicted
Predicting anything in the movie world is a bit ludicrous, considering how impossible it is to portray anything accurately. However, total guesswork in cinema isn’t the only thing worth considering since there are usually general signs that can help […]
Creed III (2023) (Review)
Though an improvement over its predecessor, Creed III falls short of adding anything fresh to the franchise and fails to take enough risks to be memorable. Michael B. Jordan’s directorial debut was no easy feat, taking the helm amidst […]
5 Of the Most Overrated Movies Ever Made
Deeming a movie overrated usually causes a bit of controversy since it’s typically done to insult or bash a movie many people love. Without being overly cynical or a contrarian, there’s much to learn from discussing overrated movies and […]
Interview with JANUARY 2023 Winner: Kenneth Sanabria
A small, isolated house in the mountains, and someone held inside against her will. It’s a very somber thought, and its vivid portrayal, in the excellent film by Kenneth Sanabria, drives up the gloomy factor by a considerable margin. […]
Interview with 2022 FILM OF THE YEAR Winner: Hans Vannetelbosch
Each year, there are 12 ‘Films of the Month’ awards. And every year, we get to sit down and select the very best one out of the best ones. It’s truly a difficult task, as one can make a […]
Comedies in Film: Has the Genre Died?
No matter your interest in movies, it’s pretty apparent that straightforward comedies aren’t as prevalent as they once were, especially compared to the early 2000s. Many people wonder why, trying to pinpoint the audience or critics for being a […]
Interview with FEBRUARY 2023 Winner: Andrew Acedo
February is an interesting month of the year when it comes to films. Overall, it’s a celebration of the industry, with many of the year’s most mainstream award ceremonies happening within this time span. However, it is usually not […]
400 Movies Made and Counting
Over 400 movies have been made from scripts and writers found on InkTip. Register for your free account and find the script you’re looking for on our site. Also, receive pitches custom-made to your needs from our network of writers. Producers: find your […]
Bones and All (2022) (Review)
Though not perfect, ‘Bones and All’ is a daring horror romance that’ll leave audiences squirming for more. Practically anything Timothée Chalamet is in attracts Gen Zs to the theatre, and it’s nice to know there are a few genuine […]
Film of the Year 2022 Announced
Hello there, After carefully considering thousands of projects over the past year, selecting precisely 276 films and trailers in the 2022 edition, we’ve finally decided to announce and award our FILM OF THE YEAR 2022 winner: ‘Beau Monde‘ by […]
December-January 2023 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the DECEMBER-JANUARY Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: https://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/december-january-2023/ Therefore, Matthew L Brutsche wins the […]
Cormac McCarthy Adaptations in Film
Cormac McCarthy is considered to be one of the greatest contemporary American writers living and working today. McCarthy has written twelve novels, two plays, five screenplays, and three short stories, traversing the Western and post-apocalyptic genres. Writing-wise, McCarthy is […]
7 Best Documentaries of Last Year
Who doesn’t love a good documentary? 2022 was great year for filmmaking, with there being many rock-solid documentaries throughout the year. As a result, below will discuss some of the best documentaries of 2022. It’s challenging to keep track […]
2023 Oscars Predictions: An Analysis
There are several award circuits, which have information like predictions for the upcoming Tony, Grammy, Emmy, and Oscar award ceremonies, among other things. The predictions pages are an assessment of where the race stands right now; they do not […]
Capitani Season 2 (Review)
At one point in 2022, I decided that I wanted to watch some sort of crime drama, but ideally something with short episodes – nothing bordering on a full hour. Then, I stumbled upon Capitani, which intrigued me in several […]
2022 Review: Netflix vs HBO Max vs Amazon Prime Video
2022 was a pretty weird year for streaming platforms. After a subscription price hike, the year started in poor form for Netflix, with record subscriber losses after years of continued growth, and many spelling the end for the streaming […]
The Banshees of Inisherin (2022) (Review)
Most movie fanatics agree that Martin McDonagh has crafted three worthwhile full-length films throughout his career (In Bruges, Seven Psychopaths, and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri), with his fourth and latest being The Banshees of Inisherin. How will the […]
6 Takeaways from the 2023 Golden Globes
The Golden Globes happened last week, and although they are not nearly as interesting when Ricky Gervais is not presenting, it was still a nice roundup of 2022 in terms of films and TV series. So, I prepared some […]
Interview with DECEMBER 2022 Winner: Jacob Thomas Pilgaard
It’s the third time we at TMFF sit down with Jacob Thomas Pilgaard, after one of his films wins our Film of the Month award. We’ve previously awarded his excellent Behold, Such Clown in July 2017, and then the […]
Explaining Key Film Terms (II)
A while back, I wrote about some key film terms with regard to types of releases – sequels, prequels and co. And I thought it would be a good idea to continue this topic while veering into other film-related […]
Sequels: When They Should Exist, and When They Shouldn’t
Like many people in the last couple of months, I was watching The Watcher on Netflix. A pretty creepy story, inspired by real world happenings, within a case that has been left unsolved – with the perpetrator never have […]
October-November 2022 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the OCTOBER-NOVEMBER Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: http://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/october-november-2022/ Therefore, Camille DeBiase wins the October-November […]
6 Great Christmassy Animations
Merry Christmas! I hope everyone is having a lovely time, enjoying some well-deserved time off and cherishing the time spent with their loved ones! In order to get fully into the festive cheer, my recommendation for this week is […]
6 Great Shakespeare Film Adaptations
Shakespeare’s writings are so vast and numerous that variations on the stories will always be popping up at some point or another. And one niche of these stories takes them away from the stage and into film format. Across […]
The Rings of Power – Why the Mixed Reception?
It was always going to be an uphill battle for Lord of the Rings – The Rings of Power. While not necessarily following up on one of the most beloved fantasy franchises out there, it was going to be […]
Interview with NOVEMBER 2022 Winner: Halldór Frank Hafsteinsson
Our November top three contained a dystopian Black Mirror sort of thriller, a sci-fi set in space and other planets, and an excellent drama looking at how much one could not know about their partners just before the wedding. […]
5 Films Not Released in Theatres
In the last couple of years, we had the Covid pandemic, as well as the advent of many other streaming services, to rival the traditional Netflix. With these two factors interacting, it is sometimes difficult to say why certain […]
6 Early Awards Favourites
I always find it interesting to take a look at the betting odds around November or December each year, to see which the early favourites are for the award season ahead. It’s a rather entertaining endeavor, as it shows […]
Interview with OCTOBER 2022 Winner: Seif Sayed Abdel Raouf
October was one of those months when we had so many quality films fighting for the top spot, that it was incredibly hard to agree upon a winner. After much deliberation, the TMFF jury finally selected Okay as the […]
Is Denis Villeneuve’s First Feature Film Worth Watching?
Few filmmakers have accomplished as much as Denis Villeneuve has in the 21st century. Worldwide, Villeneuve is known for directing several praised films, including thrillers Prisoners (2013) and Sicario (2015), as well as the sci-fi films Arrival (2016) and […]
Why the New BLADE Needs to Be Rated R
Though it’s confirmed that the new Blade starring Mahershala Ali Blade will get a PG-13 rating, one can dream otherwise. MCU mastermind Kevin Feige declared that the upcoming R-rated Deadpool film is the only R-rated movie that Marvel plans […]
6 Key Roles That Could Have Been Played by Different Actresses
A few weeks ago, we had a look at how some of the most famous films and series could have been very different, if different casting decisions that were actually considered and deemed likely at some point, would have […]
August-September 2022 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the AUGUST-SEPTEMBER Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: http://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/august-september-2022/ Therefore, Michael Thomas Holliday wins the […]
3 Types of Episodic Releases
I oftentimes get the feeling that the meaning of ‘episodic’ is quite diluted nowadays, especially when referring to series or shows. To go to the root of the word, ‘episodic’ in the context of any sort of story, means […]
Hidden Gem Movies to Watch in 2022
Like every other year, there is an influx of great films, making it seemingly impossible to dive through everything that comes out. Thankfully, the online world has made it easy to get a solid list of must-see movies. The […]
Looking Back at Five Classic Western Movies
One of the most beloved movie genres to ever have been created, some of the most iconic movies have been western productions. They’ve been winners at award ceremonies, some of the most talented actors have been featured in them, […]
5 Key Roles Which Could Have Been Played by Different Actors
Have you ever wondered how a big franchise that pretty much became synonymous with the lead actor or actress, would look like if someone else had taken on the role? Maybe some would have become bigger hits, some might […]
Indiana Jones 5 – All You Need to Know
It’s been 14 years since the last Indiana Jones film saw the light of day, and for many fans still, this is something that should have never happened. While it was still a pretty good film, it was certainly […]
9 Upcoming Star Wars Series
It’s a little bit crazy to think about just how much Star Wars expanded in the years after the Disney takeover. Barring the original trilogy and the prequel trilogy, and not counting the rather successful The Clone Wars animated […]
The Card Counter: A Hit or a Busted Flush?
It is almost exactly a year since The Card Counter enjoyed its worldwide release. Paul Schrader enlisted a star-studded cast, including Oscar Isaac, Tiffany Haddish, and Willem Dafoe, despite working within the constraints of a tight budget that allowed […]
Explaining Key Film Terms
We all know what a sequel is – especially since soo many films these days are sequels. And, if we know what a sequel is, then I guess what a prequel is should be quite self-explanatory. But where would […]
Batman vs. Batman: Can We Compare the Batman with the Dark Knight Trilogy?
The announcement of Matt Reeves’ The Batman was widely met with cries of ‘Do we need another Batman.’ While it can’t be denied that Nolan made a truly epic trilogy for the Dark Knight, it’s always fair to take […]
All You Need to Know About a Movie Production Budget
Everyone likes to enjoy the final results of making a movie, but not many wonders how the whole process looks, how many people need to be engaged in a given project, and most importantly, how movie budgets are created […]
The 10 Most Anticipated Movies of 2022
With the summer coming to an end, we can look forward to the countless great films awaiting their release at the end of the year. The anticipation appears to be at a high not seen in years, with my […]
June-July 2022 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the JUNE-JULY Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: http://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/june-july-2022/ Therefore, Antonio Messina wins the June-July […]
Bringing Out The Dead – Scorsese’s Most Underrated Film?
Usually, when someone discusses the genius of Martin Scorsese, his 1999 film Bringing Out The Dead isn’t the main centerpiece. No one can deny Scorsese has made a lot of great films, some of which get overlooked because of […]
The Genre of Terrence Malick
If you were to argue that any filmmaker should have their own genre, most wouldn’t have any issue with Terrence Malick filling that specificity. Malick made a name for himself in the 1970s with Badlands (1973) and Days of […]
The Genius Of Joachim Trier’s Oslo Trilogy
Many have Christopher Nolan’s Batman trilogy, the Three Colors trilogy, the Before trilogy, and countless others as their quote-on-quote favorite trilogy. Personally, Joachim Trier’s Oslo Trilogy is my most cherished, even though the three films are separate from one […]
How EVERYTHING EVERYWHERE ALL AT ONCE is Changing Film
If you talk to any self-proclaimed film buff from Generation Z about their favorite films, they will likely list at least one film from A24. The independent entertainment company has released countless acclaimed films since its inception in 2012, […]
Thor: Love and Thunder (2022) (Review)
Even the biggest anti-Marvel champions can admit the success of the superhero genre in the 21st century is an unparalleled piece in film we haven’t experienced before. Now it being 14 years since Iron Man and 30-plus MCU movies […]
The Genius of Wong Kar-wai
A film auteur is described as a filmmaker with an unmistakable approach whose filmmaking control is so unbounded, however personal, that the director is regarded as the author of the film. Hong Kong director Wong Kar-wai fits into that […]
The Importance of the French New Wave
Practically every filmmaker, novice or pro, understands the importance of the French New Wave. Having risen in the 1950s as a direct response to Old Hollywood, the French New Wave gave directors full imaginative command over their work. It […]
7 Essential Films for Aspiring Filmmakers
As the great Martin Scorsese once said, movies are life. It’s a way to flee whatever is going on in reality, be it a medium for influence, perspective, relief, or escape. Besides viewing films for any of those particular […]
April-May 2022 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the APRIL-MAY Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: http://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/april-may-2022/ Therefore, Fran Evelyn Ervin wins the […]
The Impact of Ingmar Bergman
Even if you’re utterly clueless about Ingmar Bergman’s work, you’ve at least seen something that the Swedish director directly or partially influenced. Whether it’s The Lighthouse from Robert Eggers, The Tragedy of Macbeth from Joel Coen, or Fight Club […]
90s Slasher Films and the Impact of Scream
The 1990s became a new birthplace of slasher films primarily thanks to the success of Wes Craven’s 1996 film Scream. Scream is viewed as a novel slasher film for having characters who were mindful of the typical slasher tropes […]
8 Classic Films and their Bad Remakes
There are two very bad things that can eventually happen to classic films. The first one is the unfortunate case where they will be forgotten by audiences. Usually, however, there are mechanisms in place which prevent that – either […]
‘Love, Death and Robots’: Best Episodes From Each Season
Since the third season of ‘Love, Death and Robots’ released the other week on Netflix, I wanted to take a look at my top three episodes from each season so far – and to round everything up to a […]
Interview with APRIL 2022 Winner: Dion Costelloe
We had the chance to talk to the director of our April 2022 Film of the Month – the excellent ‘Waking Up‘ – Dion Costelloe. JL: Congrats on the awards, Dion! How is ‘Waking Up’ faring so far at […]
5 Films Whose Sequels Were Quite Different
Usually, one knows what to expect when it comes to a sequel. If it’s based off a book or another type of material, then the story is already out there. If not, most of the time, there will be […]
The Curious Case of Netflix
Netflix is the name that became pretty much synonymous with the (legal) online streaming of films and TV shows. Phrases such as ‘Netflix and chill’ became quite prominent neologisms, and account sharing schemes became some of the most complex […]
10 Noteworthy Bruce Willis Films
It was recently announced that Bruce Willis will retire due to health issues – there will be a flurry of films coming out in the next year or two, but barring any surprises, their quality is likely to not […]
February-March 2022 Screenplay Competition Winners
Hi there, The winners of the FEBRUARY-MARCH Screenplay Competition have just been announced on our website as well as on our social media pages. You can see all winners and nominees here: http://tmff.net/winners/screenplay-competition/february-march-2022/ Therefore, Thomas Brannagan wins the February-March […]
The Best of Hayao Miyazaki
Hayao Miyazaki is without a doubt one of the finest filmmakers out there when it comes to animated movies. His projects span over five decades, and although his 2013 film was supposed to have been his last, he is […]
8 Netflix Documentaries to Watch Right Now
Netlfix quite often prioritises quantity over quality, which sometimes results in really bad series or films – that shouldn’t be a secret to anyone who spontaneously decided to give a new release a go, and regretting it 15 minutes […]
5 Surprises from the 2022 Academy Awards
The Academy Awards came and went – a bit later than usual – and with an ever-shrinking audience. Thankfully, the quality of filmmaking was a little bit better than last year (it couldn’t really get much worse), but the […]
Incastrati (2022) (Review)
At some point last month, I felt like watching a comedy series – that doesn’t happen often, since I’m not exactly a big fan of most recent comedies, be it series or feature films. I had a recommendation from […]
4 Things We Know About Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power
The last Lord of the Rings titled project came out in 2003 – almost 20 years ago. Then, between